Ukraine - Natural resources

-

 1.15.1 Mineral resources - over 90 types of mineral resources have been surveyed (about 8,000 deposits, of which about 60% are in operation).

- Energy resources: coal reserves are estimated at 47.1 billion tons, coal deposits are concentrated in Donetsk (50 thousand km.p.), Lvov - Volani (10 thousand km.p.) Dnieper, Nadnistrianşcina, Predkarpatie, Zakarpatie (brown coal).

- The crude oil deposits were prospected in the Dnepropetrovsk-Donetsk regions (114 thousand km.p.), Predkarpatie, Dnepro-Donetsk, Azov Sea and Black Sea and are valued (January 1, 2002) at approx. 247 million tons.

About 60% of the deposits are at depths of more than 5,000 m. Iron ore deposits (estimated at 28 billion tons) are found in the Dnepropetrovsk (Krivoy-Rog) and Kerch basins. In 2001, Ukraine extracted 54.8 million. tons of iron ore (compared to 105 million tons in 1990).

Other deposits: titanium, mercury, polymetal, nickel, bauxite, copper, magnesium (2.5 billion tons, second place after South Africa).

Non-metalliferous deposits: sulfur (Predcarpathian, Kerch), salt (Predcarpathian), phosphates, kaolin, graphite, dolomite, bentonite, gypsum, building stone (granite, basalt, etc.).

Topaz, beryllium, rock crystal, quartz, opal, chalcedony, agate, gold, etc. deposits are being exploited.

Gas and oil resources do not cover domestic demand, as Ukraine is dependent on imports of energy carriers, especially from Russia and Turkmenistan.

1.15.2 Natural resources: About 70% of the territory (42 million ha) consists of agricultural land, of which 58% is arable land (2/3 of it is the chernozemic area).

via https://lumea-stateleeuropene.blogspot.com/2010/09/ucraina-resurse-naturale.html

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

AI animations: world history - dozens of cultures and nations, fashion and architecture

-
Image
The Geography Hub platform has produced an extremely extensive series of reels dedicated to some of the most famous cultures in the world (predominantly from Europe and the Mediterranean). The videos very briefly tell the history of each population, with some of the most important moments, recreating for each of them, frugal, the characteristic clothing of each era (and specific to the respective culture) and an architectural-anthropic environment, also localized and contextualized historically. Cultures/nations to which (so far) reels have been dedicated include: French, Ottomans, Russians, Egyptians, Persians, Japanese, Colombians, Italians, Canadians, Indonesians, Hungarians, Greeks, Australians, Romanians, Koreans, Icelanders, Moroccans, etc. Link: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61574041054737&sk=reels_tab
Read more

An image (with pollution) is worth a thousand words: Leicester then and now

-
Image
   I am not sure that global warming is caused by pollution. (This is only 99.9% sure; there is still room for evidence.) But images like this one (Leicester 1950) think that it shouldn't give way to a discussion we need to behave responsibly, protect the environment, reduce pollution. Of course, developed States have a greater responsibility than the rest of the world, and the United States above all. But I remember a short visit to a Central European country many years ago, when I hit a truly apocalyptic landscape. The image of Leicester would have seemed brilliant in addition to the red fog there. Video: Residential districts of Leicester today, built on former industrial zones
Read more

First signs of economic colaps in Russia

-
Image
 From the beginning of the invasion in Ukraine, Rusia economy get a burst by rising prices for natural gas and by giving a lot of state contracts in strategic industries. The international sanctions was for long time inefficient.  Now, according to BBC, that quote Russian newspapers, there are first signs of true economic problems in the Russian society. Today’s Russian papers focusing again on economic problems: ▪️ “To pay utility bills some Russians are falling into debt" ▪️ “Rise in bread prices outstripping inflation” ▪️“Cement factories on the brink” ▪️ Call to "freeze basic food prices to battle inflation" #ReadingRussia pic.twitter.com/QpGEUVoCw4 — Steve Rosenberg (@BBCSteveR) July 18, 2025 Today’s Russian papers focusing again on economic problems: ▪️ “To pay utility bills some Russians are falling into debt" ▪️ “Rise in bread prices outstripping inflation” ▪️“Cement factories on the brink” ▪️ Call to "freeze basic food prices to battle inflation...
Read more

How many millionaires and how many billionaires are in the world and where they are living?

-
Image
 23.4 million people worldwide hold investments of at least one million dollars. It is an increase of 2.6% in 2024 and it has reached the highest level since the emergence of the World Wealth Report (since 1997). The world wealth exploded in 2024, in the top being the US, Japan, Germany and China. According to Forbes, there are 3 thousand billionaires in the world. with a total fortune of $16 trillion. I ask: is there or are there no links to the rise of far-right discourse worldwide? Where do the billionaires live? Most billionaires, 119 persons, live in New York. The cities of London, Mumbai, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Moscow, New Delhi and San Francisco each have more than 50 billionaires among residents. Other cities entering the top are Bangkok, Taipei, Paris, Hangzhou, Guangzhou (both in China), Jakarta, Sao Paulo, Los Angeles, Seoul, Tokyo, Bengaluru (India), Dallas and Palm Beach. Of the world’s 3000 billionaires, over two-thirds are r...
Read more

“Gender Theory” – from keyword research to semantic hijacking

-
Image
 Fragment from an article that examines the phenomenon of semantic hijacking and discursive capture, processes through which political groups, particularly extremist ones, redefine words and concepts to promote their agendas and polarize society. These practices, which have historical roots, are amplified in the digital age through SEO techniques such as keyword research, keyword density, and authority-building via links. Examples include the hijacking of terms like "woke" or "elite" and the monopolization of debates on topics such as migration or LGBT rights. The authors emphasize the impact of these strategies on public discourse, the vulnerability of artificial intelligence to manipulation, and the risk of communication breakdown in society. The conclusion highlights the need to understand these mechanisms to counteract their harmful effects and preserve democratic dialogue. Globalization of antiglobalism “Gender Theory” – from keyword research to semantic hijack...
Read more

Short... voyage in India

-
Image
  The average mens in Asia are not so tall as Europeans. But in some cases are much over. The average height of populations in India and the broader South Asian region (including countries that were part of British India : Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Myanmar) varies significantly due to genetics, nutrition, health care, and socioeconomic factors. Below is a comparative overview of average adult heights by ethnic/regional group , based on recent anthropometric studies, NFHS data (India), DHS (other countries), and global height databases: 🇮🇳 India National Average Height : Men : ~166 cm (5 ft 5.4 in) Women : ~152 cm (5 ft 0 in) Regional & Ethnic Variation: Region/Group Men (cm) Women (cm) Notes Punjab (esp. Jat Sikhs) 173–175 160–162 Among tallest in India Haryana 171–173 158–160 Tall Northern group Kashmiris 171–173 ~160 Indo-Aryan with mixed heritage Rajasthan (Rajputs, etc.) 170–172 157–159 North-western genetics Uttar Pradesh (General Cast...
Read more