video> How money is made in different countries Full story> in USA Money creation involves several processes, depending on whether we’re talking about physical currency or digital money. Physical Money (Coins and Banknotes)Design and Engraving: Artists and engravers create detailed designs, including security features like watermarks and holograms. Printing and Minting: Special paper or polymer is used for banknotes, while coins are minted from metal. Advanced printing techniques ensure durability and security. Quality Control: Each note and coin is inspected to ensure it meets strict standards before being released into circulation. Central Banks: Central banks, like the Federal Reserve in the U.S., create money by purchasing government securities, which increases the reserves of commercial banks. Commercial Banks: When commercial banks issue loans, they create money. The loan amount is credited to the borrower’s account, effectively creating new money. Security Features ...
From the beginning of the invasion in Ukraine, Rusia economy get a burst by rising prices for natural gas and by giving a lot of state contracts in strategic industries. The international sanctions was for long time inefficient. Now, according to BBC, that quote Russian newspapers, there are first signs of true economic problems in the Russian society. Today’s Russian papers focusing again on economic problems: ▪️ “To pay utility bills some Russians are falling into debt" ▪️ “Rise in bread prices outstripping inflation” ▪️“Cement factories on the brink” ▪️ Call to "freeze basic food prices to battle inflation" #ReadingRussia pic.twitter.com/QpGEUVoCw4 — Steve Rosenberg (@BBCSteveR) July 18, 2025 Today’s Russian papers focusing again on economic problems: ▪️ “To pay utility bills some Russians are falling into debt" ▪️ “Rise in bread prices outstripping inflation” ▪️“Cement factories on the brink” ▪️ Call to "freeze basic food prices to battle inflation...
A building in Istanbul is so old that it has captured all the empires that have mastered this city. It's not just a simple — construction it's a veritable time capsule where history has laid layer upon layer over centuries. From Rome at present, in one wall At the base of the building you can see elements typical of the Roman Empire: thick stone walls and massive columns, reminiscent of the era when the city was called Byzantion and was part of the vast empire of Rome. Byzantine marks over the Roman ruins Immediately above it rises structures with elegant arches and specific details of Byzantine architecture. These elements were added in the period when the city became Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most important centers of the medieval Christian world. New shape during Otoman Empire On the next level, masonry and style become more functional, reflecting the Ottoman period, when the city was conquered by the Turks in 1453 and transformed i...
I am not sure that global warming is caused by pollution. (This is only 99.9% sure; there is still room for evidence.) But images like this one (Leicester 1950) think that it shouldn't give way to a discussion we need to behave responsibly, protect the environment, reduce pollution. Of course, developed States have a greater responsibility than the rest of the world, and the United States above all. But I remember a short visit to a Central European country many years ago, when I hit a truly apocalyptic landscape. The image of Leicester would have seemed brilliant in addition to the red fog there. Video: Residential districts of Leicester today, built on former industrial zones
sources of images: Facebook and Instagram, via https://drivemagazine.ro/, https://kartoffelraekkerne.dk/ et al. Copenhagen's Quirky Charm: Soaring Over the "Field-of-Potatoes" Copenhagen is a city that beautifully blends modern design with its rich history. Beyond the sleek harbors and cutting-edge architecture, lies a charming district with a character all its own, often described as the “architecture field-of-potatoes.” Tucked between Øster Søgade and Øster Farimagsgade, this unique area offers a delightful, slightly chaotic visual experience when viewed from above. But what exactly gives this neighborhood its distinctive name and why is it so beloved? A Patchwork Quilt of History The “field-of-potatoes,” is not a derogatory term. It's a loving nod to the slightly haphazard, wonderfully varied collection of older buildings that dominate this section of the city. From an aerial perspective, these homes – each a unique size, shape, and design – sprawl out like potat...
One of the strangest buildings, which has fascinated Internet users for decades, is located in Ucriana. The so-called floating house is located in Krasnosilka, Odessa region. It is originally a potato sorting station. The construction rests on a huge concrete block, but it is located on the side, not in the center, which makes the construction visually illogical and amazing. The builders made such a design to allow trucks to enter under the platform of the sorting station to be loaded automatically by opening hatches under the platform. Construction in the Odessa region is not unique. In the last years of the USSR several similar constructions were built, predominantly in Ukraine and Belarus. Because they have a wider "foot" and are clad in wood structure, they are not nearly as spectacular. In the floating house in Krasnosilka, the concrete foot has a color that at first sight is lost in the landscape, giving the impression that the house is levitating. Image from Belarus,...
The Geography Hub platform has produced an extremely extensive series of reels dedicated to some of the most famous cultures in the world (predominantly from Europe and the Mediterranean). The videos very briefly tell the history of each population, with some of the most important moments, recreating for each of them, frugal, the characteristic clothing of each era (and specific to the respective culture) and an architectural-anthropic environment, also localized and contextualized historically. Cultures/nations to which (so far) reels have been dedicated include: French, Ottomans, Russians, Egyptians, Persians, Japanese, Colombians, Italians, Canadians, Indonesians, Hungarians, Greeks, Australians, Romanians, Koreans, Icelanders, Moroccans, etc. Link: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61574041054737&sk=reels_tab
Let's delve into the fascinating phenomenon of the green ray, both from a scientific perspective and its captivating role in literature, particularly in Jules Verne's novel, Le Rayon vert. The Green Ray: Physics Explained The green ray, also known as the "green flash," is a rare optical phenomenon that can occur at sunrise or sunset. It's not a single ray, but rather a brief flash of green light that appears just as the last sliver of the sun disappears below the horizon or as the first sliver appears above it. Here's a breakdown of the physics involved: Atmospheric Refraction: The Earth's atmosphere acts like a prism, bending or refracting light. Different colors of light bend at different angles, with blue light bending more and red light bending less. This is why we see rainbows. Scattering: The atmosphere also scatters light, particularly blue light, which is why the sky is blue. Atmospheric Layers: The atmosphere is not uniform in density. It's ...
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